Uterine Fibroids: Symptoms, Treatment, Risks, and Prevention Every Woman Should Know

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Did you know that more women will develop uterine fibroids in their lifetime than won't?

As reported by Erica Schipper, M.D., an OB/GYN at Sanford Health in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 70% to 80% of women will develop uterine fibroids — benign (noncancerous) growths that develop in the wall of the uterus.

Though most women will never know they have them, in some cases, fibroids can be unpleasant or even disruptive symptoms. Good news? Cancer inside a fibroid is extremely uncommon, at a rate of roughly 3 per 100,000 person-years.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are growths of muscle and fibrous tissue. They occur in all shapes and sizes — from tiny, imperceptible nodules, to enormous masses that actually alter the shape of the uterus. The majority of fibroids are harmless, but due to their size or their location, they may produce a variety of symptoms.

Fibroid Symptoms

Though fibroids are common and symptomless in many women, some others might experience:

• Bleeding between periods (most common)
• More painful, longer, or heavier periods
• Pelvic pain or pressure
• Pain during intercourse
• Backache, particularly lower back
• Urinating too frequently
• Sensation of a hard lump in the region of the middle of the pelvis
• Difficulty conceiving or multiple miscarriages

If any of these symptoms are present, have your OB/GYN or primary care physician evaluate you.

Uterine Fibroid Treatment Options

Dr. Schipper emphasizes that what you require is based on your symptoms, size of the fibroid, and personal aspirations — especially if you wish to have children.

1. Medications and Hormone Therapy

• Birth control pills, vaginal rings, or progesterone therapy may manage bleeding.
• GnRH agonists or antagonists work by shutting down the hormones that drive fibroid development.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

• Hysteroscopy: A small camera is inserted into the uterus to remove small fibroids inside the cavity. Best for women who want to preserve fertility.
• Myomectomy: Laparoscopic or open surgery to remove big or non-cavity fibroids, without damaging the uterus.

3. Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE)

For women who are not desiring more children, UAE cuts off the blood supply to fibroids and they shrink. Healing is quick, but this procedure will not work as well for large or multiple fibroids.

4. Radiofrequency Ablation (Acessa Procedure)

A probe heats fibroids internally using ultrasound guidance, reducing size up to 45% and decreasing pain. This procedure is not yet FDA-approved for women who desire to have children, but research is ongoing.

Who Is at Higher Risk for Fibroids?

Several factors increase fibroid risk:

• Age: Most common in women approaching menopause.
• Early menstruation: Starting periods at a young age.
• Pregnancy patterns: Having children later in life or not at all.
• Family history: If your mother had fibroids, your risk is higher.
• High blood pressure
• Chronic stress

Can Fibroids Be Prevented?

There is no magic bullet for preventing fibroids, but certain lifestyle choices can reduce risk:

• Eat more fruits and vegetables — women who eat plenty of meat and animal products are more likely to have fibroids.
• Exercise regularly — exercise might decrease the risk of fibroids.
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Personalized Care Matters

All OB/GYNs at Sanford Health are board-certified and experienced in individualized fibroid care.

"We talk directly with our patients about their goals, symptoms, family plans, and imaging tests to choose the right treatment together."

Key Takeaway

Uterine fibroids are common — but they don't need to disrupt your life. Familiarity with your symptoms, knowledge about your options, and a competent provider can bring you relief and sustain your quality of life.